Established manufacturers are under pressure to establish direct sales channels, therefore challenging the conventional dealer model which has long dominated and is safeguarded in the United States by state legislation While other EV vendors are using a similar approach, Tesla has pioneered direct-to- customer sales in the United States and other countries. Ford 

says it wants to sell electric cars only through direct channels at set pricing; Luxury EV startup Lucid is rapidly growing its direct sales footprint in the United States.According to  EV firm executives in our worldwide automotive survey, direct sales have the best chance to revolutionize the EV sector Franchise and licencing rules in around two-thirds of U.S. states, 

which forbid or restrict direct sales, inhibit established players in the U.S. from moving into direct sales. Though only 11 states allow any direct sales of new cars, these regulations are under dispute especially by EV manufacturers. is Audi wants to sell electric cars straight to consumers in Europe, where such restrictions do not exist, with delivery and service via 

Conventional dealers Platforms like Carvana let consumers 

search, buy, finance their vehicle purchase and pick up the automobile at multi-story sites or have it delivered straight to their house in the used car market, where state franchise restrictions do not restrict direct sales.Twenty-three As are Uxin, Guazi and Souche in Ch, Cazoo, Carvago and Vroom are pioneering the European direct sales experience for second-

hand cars.A recent KPMG worldwide auto executive poll indicates that 45% of manufacturers either already invest in autonomous technology or want to do so within the next two years.forty-three While Toyota is introducing an operating system that might manage autonomous driving and which it will make available to other businesses, VW has ambitions 

for a self-driving taxi.1941 Automakers still need to show more dependable technology if autonomous cars are to be widely used in order to get government clearance. Consumer groups and unions have lobbied authorities to revoke approval for autonomous vehicles on public roads among claims of guidance-system malfunctions.42; 43; 44 But only with driver, 

GM's Cruise and Alphabet's Waymo have gained

licenses for passenger service in autonomous cars in California.The move to electric vehicles also has significant ramifications for the structure of auto manufacturers. various labor and capital requirements, various growth rates, and different rates of return characterize EVs versus ICE vehicles. And the market values pure-play EV shares significantly more highly 

than those of established automakers. Some manufacturers are thus splitting their vehicle businesses into separate categories including EV, ICE, and commercial with dedicated manufacturing and marketing centers of competence. Ford said in March 2022 that it intends to handle its ICE and EV divisions as distinct companies.fifty-seven With China's Geely, 

Renault revealed in November intentions to separate its EV business and form a joint venture for ICE engines and hybrid technology.48: Separated connected services companies are also separating to obtain legal, tax, and financial benefits as well as to increase market value and improve profitability The move to electric vehicles could also force manufacturers into hitherto 

Unexplored territory said in October  that a new 

division, GM Energy, would provide stoto consumers and businesses, solar panels, EV charging stations, The division will comprise Ultium, a joint venture with LG Energy Solutions revealed a year earlier when GM declared it would commit US$750 million in charging infrastructure at truck stops and gas stations across the United States and Canada by 2025.forty-five Products and services include battery packs, EV chargers, and software to 

enable consumers to maximize their vehicle charging and handle disturbances to the electric grid.fift Just one of the collaborative ventures established to help with the cost of EV development is the GM-LG collaboration. GM has also worked with ABB to create rapid chargers competent of 15- and 20-minute charges respectively.51 Ultra-fast chargers are 

being rolled out by Ionity (a joint venture combining BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, and Hyundai) and VW (in association with BP, Enel and Iberdrola).52 Honda is developing reasonably priced EVs and mobility services in concert with General Motors. VW is working with Microsoft to improve its automated driving capability; Ford and Google are 

Conclution

working on improved cloud connectivity and AI-powered consumer experience.mechanisms ofanger and relatedConventional OEMs are questioning their place in the automobile value chain. With electric powertrains, more and more of the value resides in digital technology design and software as cars evolve "computers on wheels." Conversely, manufacturing is poised to become modular; manufacturers will develop and fabricate less components in-

house and might find themselves more and more serving as designers and assemblers, as consumer electronics comNearly half of European drivers in a recent survey believe they would be ready to change brands in order to have access to fresh or creative connected car features and services.sixty-seve For OEMs, connected car technologies provide a spectrum of possible income sources. Based on connected-car sensor readings, the vehicles they.